Selalunya kita dengar nasihat untuk fikir luar dari kotak, tapi sebenarnya apa cara untuk berfikir luar kotak?
Ini satu cara yang Ozan Varol tulis dalam buku beliau, Think Like a Rocket Scientist, fikir luar kotak dengan pecahkan kotak tersebut.
Cara unik Kenneth Frazier
Kenneth Frazier semasa dilantik sebagai CEO syarikat Merck, seperti biasa mahukan syarikat tersebut untuk fokus terhadap inovasi.
Tapi Frazier tidak hanya suruh pekerja untuk fikir secara inovatif, Frazier guna cara yang lebih unik.
Frazier minta eksekutif syarikat untuk mainkan peranan sebagai pesaing terbesar syarikat dan fikir cara-cara untuk jatuhkan Merck. Kemudian, mereka tukar balik peranan kepada eksekutif syarikat.
Menggunakan idea – idea yang mereka dapat dari aktiviti sebelum, mereka fikir cara-cara untuk elak keadaan tersebut dari berlaku.
Ini dipanggil “kill-the company exercise”. Cara ini digunakan untuk buang tabiat buruk, silo dan perencat kemajuan yang ada pada syarikat tersebut.
Kita susah nak perasan tabiat-tabiat yang kita ada sebab kita sudah terbiasa dengan tabiat tersebut untuk fikir secara objektif.
Lebih baik untuk kita fikir dari luar untuk cari tahu tabiat buruk yang kita tak perasan pada mulanya. Kemudian, fikir cara untuk hancurkan tabiat buruk tersebut.
Fikir luar kotak dengan hancurkan kotak tersebut.
Red Teaming
Tentera US juga guna cara yang sama dipanggil “red teaming”. Dalam satu simulasi, pasukan merah akan mainkan peranan sebagai musuh. Tugas mereka ialah untuk cari cara gagalkan misi pasukan biru.
Cara ini menunjukkan kelemahan dalam perancangan dan pelaksanaan sebelum misi sebenar bermula.
Cara berfikir ini hampir sama dengan cara yang digunakan Charlie Munger dan Peter Hollins iaitu “anti-matlamat”, bezanya cara ini memerlukan kita mainkan peranan orang luar.
Cara berfikir luar kotak untuk individu
Ozan Varol kemudian tulis cara ini bukan sahaja berkesan kepada syarikat, ia juga berkesan kepada individu.
Tanyakan kepada diri sendiri soalan – soalan ini dengan mainkan peranan orang luar.
Jeff Bezos dan Annie Duke guna cara yang hampir sama semasa buat keputusan besar.
Mereka bandingkan diri mereka sekarang dengan diri mereka pada usia 80 tahun dengan tujuan yang sama, untuk lihat perspektif luar dari kita yang sekarang.
Annie Duke guna idea dari kajian Gabriele Oettingen tentang “mental contrasting”.
Selalunya kita hanya fikir tentang cara-cara untuk berjaya berbanding apa yang membuatkan kita gagal
Oettingen pula mendapati pemikiran negatif, misalnya fikir tentang apa yang mampu buatkan kita gagal, berikan kesan yang lebih positif.
Fikir luar kotak dengan pecahkan kotak tersebut
- Mainkan peranan orang luar.
- Cari cara untuk serang diri kita yang sebenar, kumpulkan idea-idea tersebut.
- Kemudian, menggunakan idea dari langkah 2, cari – cara untuk elak keadaan tersebut dari berlaku.
Sumber: Think Like a Rocket Scientist, Ozan Varol
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